Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. Affecting approximately 800,000 Americans annually, it is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the United States. BCC originates in the basal cells located in the deepest layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. While it is generally characterized as a slow-growing and non-aggressive form of skin cancer, it can still cause local tissue damage if not treated early.

The appearance of basal cell carcinoma can be diverse and subtle, showing as red patches of skin, pink growths, open sores, or shiny bumps. Notably, its understated presentation makes early detection challenging.

The primary cause of BCC is prolonged exposure to harmful levels of ultraviolet (UV) rays. Sunlight, a common source of UV rays, can damage cellular DNA—a critical component in the creation of new cells. While the body typically possesses an internal surveillance and repair mechanism for damaged DNA, basal cell carcinoma may develop when the extent of sun damage surpasses the repair mechanism's effectiveness.

SeaCoast Skin Surgery  expert providers specialize in the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of all skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma. Annual Total Body Skin Exams are very important, as the dermatologists at SeaCoast Skin Surgery are trained to detect unusual spots early leading to finding smaller basal cell carcinomas during routine examinations. Take the proactive step towards healthy skin by scheduling an appointment with one of our trusted dermatologists today. As global leaders and innovators in skin cancer surgery and reconstruction, SeaCoast Skin Surgery is committed to your skin health journey. 

Examples of Basal Cell Carcinoma

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Symptoms of Basal Cell Carcinoma

  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) often begins as persistent wounds or sores.
  • BCC can appear as reddish areas on sun-exposed parts of the body such as the face, neck, arms, and legs.
  • BCC might resemble scars, pink growths, or shiny bumps.
  • In some cases, they bear a resemblance to moles, contributing to misidentification.

Causes of Basal Cell Carcinoma

  • Basal cell carcinoma is caused by spending too much time in the sun. 
  • Getting sunburnt, especially as a child, increases the risk of BCC.
  • Family history of skin cancer.
  • A weakened immune system, and exposure to certain environmental toxins can also contribute.

How to Prevent Basal Cell Carcinoma

Preventing basal cell carcinoma (BCC)  involves adopting sun-safe habits to shield your skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. These habits include:
  • Sunscreen is Your Shield: Regularly apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 on all exposed skin, even on cloudy days. Reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
  • Cover Up: Wear protective clothing such as long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses to minimize direct sun exposure.
  • Avoid Peak Sun Hours: Limit outdoor activities during the sun's strongest hours, usually from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. If possible, seek shade under trees or use an umbrella.
  • Protective Gear for Outdoor Activities: If you're engaging in outdoor sports or activities, consider using sun-protective clothing and gear to create an extra barrier against UV rays.
  • Regular Skin Checks: It's essential to schedule annual skin checks with your dermatologist. Early detection is critical to effective treatment plans.
By incorporating these practices into your routine, you can significantly reduce the risk of developing Basal Cell Carcinoma and maintain healthy skin.

Basal Cell Carcinoma FAQs

You can prevent Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) by consistently using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing sun-protective clothing, avoiding tanning beds, and seeking shade during peak sun hours. Performing self-examinations and seeing a dermatologist regularly for a Total Body Skin exam are key to preventing BCC.

Treatment options for Basal Cell Carcinoma include surgical procedures (such as surgical excision or Mohs surgery), non-surgical approaches like topical medications or photodynamic therapy, and occasionally radiation therapy, depending on factors like the tumor size, location, and the patient's medical history. Your dermatologist will review your options with you and recommend a treatment plan.

Yes, Basal Cell Carcinoma can recur, emphasizing the importance of regular Total Body Skin Exams performed by your dermatologist, self-examinations and use of sun safety measures including sunscreen and sun-protective clothing.

Yes, Mohs micrographic surgery proves to be an effective treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), particularly in sensitive areas like the face, ears, and nose. This specialized technique involves the meticulous removal of cancerous tissue in layers, examined under a microscope immediately, ensuring thorough removal of cancer cells while minimizing impact on healthy surrounding tissue. Mohs surgery is often recommended for large, poorly defined, or high-risk BCCs, providing high cure rates and favorable cosmetic outcomes in delicate regions. However, the choice of treatment depends on various factors and should be discussed with a dermatologist or skin cancer specialist.

Basal Cell Carcinoma is diagnosed through a skin biopsy, where a small sample of the suspicious skin tissue is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells, with additional imaging tests occasionally used to determine the extent of the cancer. Early detection and consultation with a dermatologist or skin cancer specialists are key in initiating the diagnostic process.

Basal Cell Carcinoma is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to UV rays, particularly from sunlight, damaging skin cell DNA and increasing the risk of cancer. Effective sun protection is vital in minimizing this risk.

From Our QualDerm Family of Providers: Why Early Detection For Skin Cancer Is Critical

How to Treat Basal Cell Carcinoma

If Basal Cell Carcinoma is suspected, a biopsy is typically performed by a dermatologist to confirm the diagnosis. Once confirmed, several treatment options are available:
  • Mohs Micrographic Surgery: This specialized surgery is commonly used for skin cancers like Basal Cell Carcinoma, particularly in sensitive areas. Mohs surgery excels in preserving healthy tissue, boasting a high cure rate of around 98% for primary, non-recurrent cases.
  • Excisional Surgery: In this procedure, a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue is removed to prevent the cancer from spreading.
  • Electrodesiccation and Curettage: After numbing the area, the growth is scraped off and cauterized (burned) to eliminate remaining tumor cells and control bleeding. This method is not ideal for advanced cases or growths in sensitive areas.
  • Topical Therapeutic Options: Certain creams or ointments can be considered for specific lesions. Your dermatologist will discuss these options based on the characteristics of the Basal Cell Carcinoma.
Each treatment approach aims to effectively remove or destroy cancerous cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. The choice of method depends on factors such as the tumor's location, size, and overall health considerations. Your dermatologist will guide you through the options, helping choose the most suitable treatment for your individual case. Regular follow-ups and ongoing skin checks are essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence or new skin abnormalities.

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